This report analyzes coal production and employment data from 2000 to 2023, with a focus on how trends in Appalachia compare to those elsewhere in the country. Variation within the region is also examined. For Appalachia as a whole, despite some slight increases over the past few years, coal production and employment levels are far below recent highs. The accompanying spreadsheet includes all data featured in the report, along with county-level data for all Appalachian counties.